Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining Essay Example for Free

Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining Essay Are 2-tier wage systems fair and justified?† Provide supporting data to justify your response. The two tier wage system is usually established by management and sometimes in agreement with a union for three main reasons. The first reason being that the employer wants to pay senior, experienced and productive worker more without increasing overall wage cost. The second reason for the implementation of this system is so that the employer can establish a merit wage scheme that compensates employees without increasing overall costs. The last reason could be that the employer wants to reduce overall cost by hiring new employees at a lower wage than incumbent workers. Unions usually agree to this type of wage system as a tactic that would allow employer to hire future employees at lower wages than senior workers, so as to reduce cost to employers and prevent future layoffs and wage cuts. Unions realize that preserving the jobs, wages and benefits of active union members is first priority. The two tier wage system may be considered fair and justified as in the recession of recent times. This system can be implemented as a strategy to resist the need to lay off workers, and reduce the wages of current workers. Unless there is a recession, the two-tier system is unfair and unjust. During non-recession economic times, employers, especially those in the private sector, may use this system as a way of minimizing cost and maximizing profits, which is unfair to workers. Each worker should be viewed as equal and should be rewarded equally. The two-tier wage system may be viewed as discriminatory, and denies employees the opportunity to thrive and get ahead. Employees who perform the same work should be paid the same the amount. This is the main reason for the labor movement and the reason why people join union. Employees who are being paid more will be constantly in fear of losing their job and be in fear of being replaced by lower-tier employees which will therefore reduce overall morale. Employees who are paid less to do the same work will be in conflict with those who are paid more and this may lead to lower productivity from these workers. In the case that there is a recession it would be beneficial to current employees to agree to a two-tier wage system, so as to preserve their jobs and benefits. The seasoned employee would not have to worry about being paid at the lower level as only new employees are affected. The system should be reversible and should be reversed, once the employer has become profitable again. It would be unfair to keep this system around if the company can afford to revert to the previous system. The United Auto Workers and GM, Ford and Chrysler in 2007, agreed to a two tier wage system, with new employees being paid the lower tier. The CEO of Ford believed that this change in the wage system was necessary to retain jobs. In 2010 under the new wage system Ford hired 1,200 new employees, rather than laying-off workers and closing plants. Two tier wages system can be as strategy for maintaining job security and benefits for current workers during difficult times but should be reversible once the company is again profitable.

Pride and Prejudice Essay: The Function Of Dance -- Pride Prejudice Es

The Function Of Dance in Pride And Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice, set in the Regency Period, dance performs several important functions.   Dance patterns emulate courtship rituals, marking dance as a microcosm for courtship and marriage - two main themes of the novel.   The Regency period propagated the belief that no ingredient was more essential to a courtship than dancing:   "To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love..." (Austen 7).   Therefore, knowledge of dance - dance steps as well as dance etiquette - was a crucial necessity and was often acquired through study and awareness of conduct codes.   These crucial codes were disseminated through popular courtesy/conduct books, which informed readers of correct dance steps, movements, and patterns, as well as socially acceptable etiquette.      Regency conduct codes also influenced interpretations of individual character, as social behavior was often considered the physical embodiment of character; thus, Austen's characters typically reveal their inner selves through their manners.   And, in the manner of courtesy writers who were "concerned with behavior, not only to others but as it concerns oneself" (Fritzer 4), Austen was concerned with the behavior patterns exhibited by her characters, especially upon the dance floor.   In this era particularly, a person's individual worth was manifested itself through performance on the dance floor:  Ã‚  Ã‚      As the courtesy books hint, dancing is a clue to character, negative as well as positive.   Austen shows that a lack of moderation combined with too great a love of pleasure reflects questionable character.   Other negative indications include poor dancing, des... ...Honan, Park.   Jane Austen - Her Life.   New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Kaplan, Deborah.   Structures of Status: Eighteenth-Century Social Experience as Form in Courtesy Books and Jane Austen's Novels. Diss. University of Michigan, 1979. Poplawski, Paul.   A Jane Austen Encyclopedia.   Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998. Rubinstein, E., ed.   Twentieth Century Interpretations of Pride and Prejudice.   Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1969. Tanner, Tony.   Jane Austen.   Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986. Wells, Richard.   "Manners Culture and Dress of the Best-American Society."   Accessed Online. 25 September 1998.   Available http://www.burrows.com/other/manners.html. Woods, Karen Sue Radford.   Dance in England Through a Study of Selected Eighteenth-Century Texts.   Diss.   Cornell University, 1980.  

Allusions in Arcadia

By intertwining dual worlds, Stoppard illustrates the advancement of science, human tendencies, love, mathematics, and contemporary pastimes through the use of extended allusions to science, the Bible, and math history. Often times Stoppard engages Septum, a main character In the pastime setting, in unfavorable confrontations concerning his so-called secret love life and in the heat of discussion, draws scientific references to help illustrate his point that knowledge cannot exist without love or vice versa.Stoppard Illustrates this realization through Newton's Laws of Thermodynamics about how things can go forward but backwards and his example of plum pudding. In the end, Thomas, Septum, and Hannah realize all that their lives could not be complete without a balance between knowledge and love. Thiamine's tragic end best Illustrates this realization because she evokes the most sympathy due to her Innocent pursuit of love and her dismal death.Alongside love and knowledge, Stoppard Ill ustrates a change In human pastimes and a general perception of the world by alluding to the Bible, In specific, the Garden of Eden. Lady Groom constantly searches for ways to make her garden mirror the perfect, serene Eden, but hard as she tries, she can never bring It to be the best, Just as mankind can never reenter the Garden of Eden, become perfect due to the mishap when the serpent tempted Eve with the apple from the Tree of Knowledge.In the present time, the aristocratic peoples attempt to return to the Eden by recreating their own version of Eden, such as the garden party that Bernard attends with Chloe and Gus has his first dance with Hannah. Finally, Stoppard brings our attention to math history In an attempt to explain the inverse through mathematics. Thomas begins an Intricate algorithm, which becomes a great realization for Valentine on Iteration. Thomas attempts to describe nature through numbers, to create equations for life, Just Like Fermat and Newton.While Arcadia packs many Ideas and Illustrates many changes In the world In an eloquent play, he also uses allusions to help us comprehend the meaning of the play as a whole, among many, that time Is Irreversible, energy cannot be resorted, and love must coexist with knowledge. Allusions in Arcadia By heterogamous Often times Stoppard engages Septum, a main character in the pastime setting, cannot exist without love or vice versa. Stoppard illustrates this realization through and his example of plum pudding.In the end, Thomas, Septum, and Hannah knowledge and love. Thiamine's tragic end best illustrates this realization because she evokes the most sympathy due to her innocent pursuit of love and her dismal Alongside love and knowledge, Stoppard illustrates a change in human pastimes and a general perception of the world by alluding to the Bible, in specific, the Garden reflect, serene Eden, but hard as she tries, she can never bring it to be the best, Just Finally, Stoppard brings our attention t o math history in an attempt to explain the universe through mathematics.Thomas begins an intricate algorithm, which becomes a great realization for Valentine on iteration. Thomas attempts to describe nature through numbers, to create equations for life, Just like Fermat and While Arcadia packs many ideas and illustrates many changes in the world in an as a whole, among many, that time is irreversible, energy cannot be resorted, and

American Beauty by Sam Mendes Essay - 2014 Words

American Beauty by Sam Mendes This essay has problems with formating #65279; In American Beauty, 1999, directed by Sam Mendes, we are confronted with the permeating images that have consumed mainstream American life. Mendes exploits these images as constructions that we created around ourselves as a means of hiding our true selves. Mendes is able to implicate us in the construction and make us active viewers by exploiting our voyeuristic nature. In American Beauty Mendes uses the voyeuristic tendencies of the spectator to acknowledge the permeating constructed images. Mendes, through the use of narration, the mise en scene and cinematic techniques implicates the spectator in to using their voyeuristic tendencies to deconstruct†¦show more content†¦The construction of images within the narrative is important to how Mendes constructs them through cinematic techniques. Carolyn Burnham, real estate agent, mother and wife have been, from the very beginning is constructed through the narrative in such a way that the spectator defines her as someone who is consumed by the importance of projecting and maintaining the perfect image. She is often caught, consciously making references concerning images. Referring to Jane Burnham, â€Å"are you trying to look unattractive† or to her husband at a real estate gala â€Å"there’s a certain image . . . † and to herself, â€Å" to be successful one must always put forward an image of success.† These comments are additions to what the spectator has already been subjected to when Lester points out â€Å"that it is not an accident the handles on her pruning sheer’s match her gardening clogs.† Mendes through his depiction of Carolyn in earlier scenes is directing the spectator to be appalled by Carolyn’s obvious shallow and selfish (â€Å"could you make me any later?†) personality. Yet at the same time Mendes gives the spectator reasons to appreciate Carolyn’s obsessive qualities about the projected images. Carolyn respects the dominant ideologies about images, and is consciously aware that she is an object of the gaze. As women areShow MoreRelatedAmerican Beauty By Sam Mendes1008 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Beauty (1999) is directed by Sam Mendes (also the director of Skyfall and Spectre) and stars Kevin Spacey which examines the â€Å"ordinary† occurances of a family who live a desirable life but are unhappy and stagnant. Kevin Spacey plays the role of Lester Burnham, a suburban father and who is tired of his boring job and family. Within the film are many themes, the most important of these being lust and beauty. The film applies many visual effects to demonstrate the overall desired tone, andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie American Beauty By Sam Mendes902 Words   |  4 PagesApplication Critical Analysis – Chapter 11 The movie â€Å"American Beauty† (1999) by Sam Mendes directly relates to the topics discussed in Chapter 11 of the text. This film is a narrative by the main character, Lester Burnham, a 42-year-old advertising executive who is a father and husband. Lester has an issue with his wife, Carolyn, is tense. This broken relationship affects their daughter, Jane, who is unhappy and struggles with self-esteem matters. Lester’s relationship is further broken whenRead MoreAmerican Beauty : An American Film Directed By Sam Mendes1527 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does one think when the word beauty is heard? Some may think about physical attraction, while others may have their own perception of what defines beauty. American Beauty (1999) is an American film directed by Sam Mendes. 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American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes (1999) and The Virgin Suicides, directed by Sofia Coppola (2000), share many of the same themes even though the plots are contrasted. Underneath the layers of white picketRead Mor eThe Art of Sacrifice as portrayed in the Great Gatsby by F.S. Fitzgerald and American Beauty directed by Sam Mendes.1809 Words   |  8 Pagespreventing evil, is a fascinating art that has long intrigued humankind. In particular, two American texts have captured the essence of it , The Great Gatsby by F.S. Fitzgerald and the 1999 movie American Beauty directed by Sam Mendes. Both texts closely explore the responsibility of an individuals relationship with his or her society for the sacrifices the individual makes; from the disillusionment of the American Dream to how the characters are affected or destroyed by it. In the world of Jay GatsbyRead More The Color Red in American Beauty Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Color Red in American Beauty The beauty that addresses itself to the eyes is only the spell of the moment; the eye of the body is not always that of the soul. George Sand hit the nail right on the head when he said this in 1872. Appearance versus reality has been a central theme in many American creative works including the film American Beauty. American Beauty is a film that delves into your typical, middle-class suburban American home and slowly uncovers all of the abnormalities thatRead MoreAmerican Beauty By Lester Burnham Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter of American Beauty. American Beauty is a 1999 film that provides a look into the lives of a modern married couple that is dealing with issues within their relationship. As the story progresses, it is easily identifiable that the roles of the husband and wife are not what the viewers would expect. On the other hand, the homosexual couple presented throughout the movie seems to be the normal pair. Furthermore, society’s definition of beau ty and contentment is questioned. Throughout American BeautyRead MoreThe Techniques Used in American Beauty Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe ï ¬ lm American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes is a ï ¬ lm about imprisonment and escape from imprisonment (Mendes, 1999). American Beauty explores the breakdown of a suburban family man whose life journeys from self loathing and emptiness to freedom and liberation but at the ultimate cost of his life. Mendes effectively employs a range of techniques to help convey the meaning of this ï ¬ lm such as set design, camera angles, colour and soundtrack. Cinema often uses structured set design and cameraRead MoreAmerican Beauty Analysis999 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1999 American film, American Beauty directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball, is a story about a father who is sexually frustrated and has a mid-life crisis after falling in love with his daughter’s best friends. This is a movie where there are many hidden themes and symbols throughout the movie by the use of cinematography techniques and colour. The director, Sam Mendes, is trying to leave hidden messages and meanings to the audience without directly telling them by using narrative elements